Antiviral Drugs: Uses, dosage Range & Side Effects
Uses of Antiviral Drugs
Treatment of HIV infection. Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in pts with AIDS, acute herpes zoster (shingles), genital herpes (recurrent), mucosal and cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV), chickenpox, and influenza A viral illness.
ACTION
Effective antivirals must inhibit virus-specific nucleic acid/ protein synthesis. Possible mechanisms of action of antivirals used for non-HIV infection may include interference with viral DNA synthesis and viral replication, inactivation of viral DNA polymerases, incorporation and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, prevention of release of viral nucleic acid into the host cell, or interference with viral penetration into cells.
Antiviral Drugs: Uses, dosage Range & Side Effects
| Name | Availability | Uses | Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abacavir (Ziagen) | T: 300 mg OS: 20 mg/ml | HIV infection | Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, headaches, fatigue, hypersensitivity reactions |
| Acyclovir (Zovirax) | T: 400 mg, 800 mg C: 200 mg I: 50 mg/ml | Mucosal/cutaneous HSV-1 and HSV-2, varicella-zoster (shingles), genital herpes, herpes simplex, encephalitis, chickenpox | Malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, light-headedness |
| Adefovir (Hepsera) | T: 10 mg | Chronic hepatitis B | Asthenia (loss of strength, energy), headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, dyspepsia |
| Amantadine (Symmetrel) | T: 100 mg C: 100 mg S: 50 mg/5 ml | Influenza A | Anxiety, dizziness, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite |
| Cidofovir (Vistide) | I: 75 mg/ml | CMV retinitis | Decreased urination, fever, chills, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches, loss of appetite |
| Darunavir (Prezista | T: 75 mg, 150 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg | HIV infection | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches, skin rash, constipation |
| Delavirdine (Rescriptor) | T: 100 mg, 200 mg | HIV infection | Diarrhea, fatigue, rash, headaches, nausea |
| Didanosine (Videx) | C: 125 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg Powder for suspension: 2 g, 4 g | HIV infection | Peripheral neuropathy, anxiety, headaches, rash, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth |
| Efavirenz (Sustiva) | C: 50 mg, 200 mg T: 600 mg | HIV infection | Diarrhea, dizziness, headaches, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness |
| Etravirine (Intelence) | T: 25 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg | HIV infection | Rash, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting |
| Famciclovir (Famvir) | T: 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg | Herpes zoster, genital herpes, herpes labialis, mucosal/cutaneous herpes simplex | Headaches, nausea |
| Foscarnet (Foscavir) | I: 24 mg/ml | CMV retinitis, HSV infections | Decreased urination, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, headaches |
| Ganciclovir (Cytovene) | I: 500 mg | CMV retinitis, CMV disease | Sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding/bruising |
| Indinavir (Crixivan) | C: 200 mg, 400 mg | HIV infection | Blood in urine, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, insomnia, altered taste |
| Lamivudine (Epivir) | T: 100 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg OS: 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml | HIV infection, chronic hepatitis B | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, paresthesia |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) | T: 100 mg/25 mg, 200 mg/50 mg OS: 80 mg/20 mg per ml | HIV infection | Diarrhea, nausea |
| Maraviroc (Selzentry) | T: 150 mg, 300 mg | HIV infection | Cough, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, rash, musculoskeletal symptoms, abdominal pain, dizziness |
| Nelfinavir (Viracept) | T: 250 mg, 625 mg | HIV infection | Diarrhea |
| Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) | C: 30 mg, 45 mg, 75 mg S: 6 mg/ml | Influenza A or B | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting |
| Raltegravir (Isentress) | T: 400 mg T (chew): 25 mg, 100 mg | HIV infection | Nausea, headache, diarrhea, pyrexia |
| Ribavirin (Virazole) | Aerosol: 6 g OS: 40 mg/ml T: 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg | Lowers respiratory infections in infants, children due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), chronic hepatitis C | Anemia |