Hematological Disorders NCLEX Practice Quiz
The hematologic system consists of blood — the major body fluid tissue — and the bone marrow, which manufactures new blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to all tissues, removes wastes, and performs many other tasks.
Prepare Your upcoming NCLEX Exam with our Q-Bank, which contain 3500+ Practice questions covering all the topics, with Rationales. Take ten Following Practice Questions are based on Hematological Disorders.
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Hematological Disorders NCLEX Practice Quiz
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- Question 1 of 14
1. Question
The nurse analyzes the laboratory results of a child with hemophilia. The nurse understands that which result will most likely be abnormal in this child?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. Results of tests that measure platelet function are normal; results of tests that measure clotting factor function may be abnormal. Abnormal laboratory results in hemophilia indicate a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The platelet count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit level are normal in hemophilia.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. Results of tests that measure platelet function are normal; results of tests that measure clotting factor function may be abnormal. Abnormal laboratory results in hemophilia indicate a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The platelet count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit level are normal in hemophilia.
- Question 2 of 14
2. Question
The nurse is providing home care instructions to the parents of a 10-year-old child with hemophilia. Which sport activity should the nurse suggest for this child?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 3 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. Children with hemophilia need to avoid contact sports and to take precautions such as wearing elbow and knee pads and helmets with other sports. The safe activity for them is swimming.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 3 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. Children with hemophilia need to avoid contact sports and to take precautions such as wearing elbow and knee pads and helmets with other sports. The safe activity for them is swimming.
- Question 3 of 14
3. Question
The nursing student is presenting a clinical conference and discusses the cause of β- thalassemia. The nursing student informs the group that a child at greatest risk of developing this disorder is which one?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 2 is correct answer
Rationale: β-Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the reduced production of one of the globin chains in the synthesis of hemoglobin (both parents must be carriers to produce a child with β-thalassemia major). This disorder is found primarily in individuals of Mediterranean descent. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 2 is correct answer
Rationale: β-Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the reduced production of one of the globin chains in the synthesis of hemoglobin (both parents must be carriers to produce a child with β-thalassemia major). This disorder is found primarily in individuals of Mediterranean descent. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
- Question 4 of 14
4. Question
A child with β-thalassemia is receiving long-term blood transfusion therapy for the treatment of the disorder. Chelation therapy is prescribed as a result of too much iron from the transfusions. Which medication should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: β-Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the reduced production of one of the globin chains in the synthesis of hemoglobin (both parents must be carriers to produce a child with β-thalassemia major). The major complication of long-term transfusion therapy is hemosiderosis. To prevent organ damage from too much iron, chelation therapy with either Exjade or deferoxamine (Desferal) may be prescribed. Deferoxamine is classified as an antidote for acute iron toxicity. Fragmin is an anticoagulant used as prophylaxis for postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Meropenem is an antibiotic. Metoprolol is a β-blocker used to treat hypertension.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: β-Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the reduced production of one of the globin chains in the synthesis of hemoglobin (both parents must be carriers to produce a child with β-thalassemia major). The major complication of long-term transfusion therapy is hemosiderosis. To prevent organ damage from too much iron, chelation therapy with either Exjade or deferoxamine (Desferal) may be prescribed. Deferoxamine is classified as an antidote for acute iron toxicity. Fragmin is an anticoagulant used as prophylaxis for postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Meropenem is an antibiotic. Metoprolol is a β-blocker used to treat hypertension.
- Question 5 of 14
5. Question
The clinic nurse instructs parents of a child with sickle cell anemia about the precipitating factors related to sickle cell crisis. Which, if identified by the parents as a precipitating factor, indicates the need for further instructions?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: Sickle cell crises are acute exacerbations of the disease, which vary considerably in severity and frequency; these include vaso-occlusive crisis, splenic sequestration, hyperhemolytic crisis, and aplastic crisis. Sickle cell crisis may be precipitated by infection, dehydration, hypoxia, trauma, or physical or emotional stress. The mother of a child with sickle cell disease should encourage fluid intake of 11⁄2 to 2 times the daily requirement to prevent dehydration.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: Sickle cell crises are acute exacerbations of the disease, which vary considerably in severity and frequency; these include vaso-occlusive crisis, splenic sequestration, hyperhemolytic crisis, and aplastic crisis. Sickle cell crisis may be precipitated by infection, dehydration, hypoxia, trauma, or physical or emotional stress. The mother of a child with sickle cell disease should encourage fluid intake of 11⁄2 to 2 times the daily requirement to prevent dehydration.
- Question 6 of 14
6. Question
A 10-year-old child with hemophilia A has slipped on the ice and bumped his knee. The nurse should prepare to administer which prescription?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 3 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. The primary treatment is replacement of the missing clotting factor; additional medications, such as agents to relieve pain, may be prescribed depending on the source of bleeding from the disorder. A child with hemophilia A is at risk for joint bleeding after a fall. Factor VIII would be prescribed intravenously to replace the missing clotting factor and minimize the bleeding. Factor X and iron are not used to treat children with hemophilia A.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 3 is correct answer
Rationale: Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders resulting from a deficiency of specific coagulation proteins. The primary treatment is replacement of the missing clotting factor; additional medications, such as agents to relieve pain, may be prescribed depending on the source of bleeding from the disorder. A child with hemophilia A is at risk for joint bleeding after a fall. Factor VIII would be prescribed intravenously to replace the missing clotting factor and minimize the bleeding. Factor X and iron are not used to treat children with hemophilia A.
- Question 7 of 14
7. Question
The nurse is instructing the parents of a child with iron deficiency anemia regarding the administration of a liquid oral iron supplement. Which instruction should the nurse tell the parents?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 2 is correct answer
Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, iron stores are depleted, resulting in a decreased supply of iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin in red blood cells. An oral iron supplement should be administered through a straw or medicine dropper placed at the back of the mouth because the iron stains the teeth. The parents should be instructed to brush or wipe the child’s teeth or have the child brush the teeth after administration. Iron is administered between meals because absorption is decreased if there is food in the stomach. Iron requires an acid environment to facilitate its absorption in the duodenum. Iron is not added to formula or mixed with cereal or other food items.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 2 is correct answer
Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, iron stores are depleted, resulting in a decreased supply of iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin in red blood cells. An oral iron supplement should be administered through a straw or medicine dropper placed at the back of the mouth because the iron stains the teeth. The parents should be instructed to brush or wipe the child’s teeth or have the child brush the teeth after administration. Iron is administered between meals because absorption is decreased if there is food in the stomach. Iron requires an acid environment to facilitate its absorption in the duodenum. Iron is not added to formula or mixed with cereal or other food items.
- Question 8 of 14
8. Question
Laboratory studies are performed for a child suspected to have iron deficiency anemia. The nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which result indicates this type of anemia?
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, iron stores are depleted, resulting in a decreased supply of iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin in red blood cells. The results of a complete blood cell count in children with iron deficiency anemia show decreased hemoglobin levels and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The red blood cell count is decreased. The reticulocyte count is usually normal or slightly elevated.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 4 is correct answer
Rationale: In iron deficiency anemia, iron stores are depleted, resulting in a decreased supply of iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin in red blood cells. The results of a complete blood cell count in children with iron deficiency anemia show decreased hemoglobin levels and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The red blood cell count is decreased. The reticulocyte count is usually normal or slightly elevated.
- Question 9 of 14
9. Question
The nurse is reviewing a health care provider’s prescriptions for a child with sickle cell anemia who was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis. Which prescriptions documented in the child’s record should the nurse question? Select all that apply.
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 1,6 is correct answer
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of diseases termed hemoglobinopathies, in which hemoglobin A is partly or completely replaced by abnormal sickle hemoglobin S. It is caused by the inheritance of a gene for a structurally abnormal portion of the hemoglobin chain. Hemoglobin S is sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of the red blood cell; insufficient oxygen causes the cells to assume a sickle shape, and the cells become rigid and clumped together, obstructing capillary blood flow. Oral and intravenous fluids are an important part of treatment. Meperidine (Demerol) is not recommended for a child with sickle cell disease because of the risk for normeperidine-induced seizures. Normeperidine, a metabolite of meperidine, is a central nervous system stimulant that produces anxiety, tremors, myoclonus, and generalized seizures when it accumulates with repetitive dosing. The nurse would question the prescription for restricted fluids and meperidine for pain control. Positioning for comfort, avoiding strain on painful joints, oxygen, and a high-calorie and high-protein diet are also important parts of the treatment plan.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 1,6 is correct answer
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of diseases termed hemoglobinopathies, in which hemoglobin A is partly or completely replaced by abnormal sickle hemoglobin S. It is caused by the inheritance of a gene for a structurally abnormal portion of the hemoglobin chain. Hemoglobin S is sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of the red blood cell; insufficient oxygen causes the cells to assume a sickle shape, and the cells become rigid and clumped together, obstructing capillary blood flow. Oral and intravenous fluids are an important part of treatment. Meperidine (Demerol) is not recommended for a child with sickle cell disease because of the risk for normeperidine-induced seizures. Normeperidine, a metabolite of meperidine, is a central nervous system stimulant that produces anxiety, tremors, myoclonus, and generalized seizures when it accumulates with repetitive dosing. The nurse would question the prescription for restricted fluids and meperidine for pain control. Positioning for comfort, avoiding strain on painful joints, oxygen, and a high-calorie and high-protein diet are also important parts of the treatment plan.
- Question 10 of 14
10. Question
The nurse is conducting staff in-service training on von Willebrand’s disease. Which should the nurse include as characteristics of von Willebrand’s disease? Select all that apply.
CorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 is correct answer
Rationale: von Willebrand’s disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of or a defect in a protein termed von Willebrand factor. The disorder causes platelets to adhere to damaged endothelium. It is characterized by an increased tendency to bleed from mucous membranes. Assessment findings include epistaxis, gum bleeding, easy bruising, and excessive menstrual bleeding. An elevated creatinine level is not associated with this disorder.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationales
Option 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 is correct answer
Rationale: von Willebrand’s disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of or a defect in a protein termed von Willebrand factor. The disorder causes platelets to adhere to damaged endothelium. It is characterized by an increased tendency to bleed from mucous membranes. Assessment findings include epistaxis, gum bleeding, easy bruising, and excessive menstrual bleeding. An elevated creatinine level is not associated with this disorder.
- Question 11 of 14
11. Question
The blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from body tissues are:
CorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option A is correct answer.
Answer: A. RBCs transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Because of their biconcave shape, they have the flexibility to travel through blood vessels of different sizes.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option A is correct answer.
Answer: A. RBCs transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Because of their biconcave shape, they have the flexibility to travel through blood vessels of different sizes.
- Question 12 of 14
12. Question
A patient with blood type B can receive a transfusion of:
CorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option B is correct answer.
Answer: B. Type B blood contains B antigens and anti-A antibodies, but no anti-B antibodies. Therefore, a patient with type B blood can receive type B or type O blood (which contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies).
IncorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option B is correct answer.
Answer: B. Type B blood contains B antigens and anti-A antibodies, but no anti-B antibodies. Therefore, a patient with type B blood can receive type B or type O blood (which contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies).
- Question 13 of 14
13. Question
Which type of anemia results from deficiency of all the blood’s formed elements, caused by failure of the bone marrow to generate enough new cells?
CorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option C is correct answer.
Answer: C. Aplastic anemia usually develops when damaged or destroyed stem cells inhibit RBC production.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option C is correct answer.
Answer: C. Aplastic anemia usually develops when damaged or destroyed stem cells inhibit RBC production.
- Question 14 of 14
14. Question
Which disorder results from a deficiency of circulating platelets?
CorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option D is correct answer.
Answer: D. Thrombocytopenia, the most common hemorrhagic disorder, results from a deficiency of circulating platelets.
IncorrectAnswer & Rationale
Option D is correct answer.
Answer: D. Thrombocytopenia, the most common hemorrhagic disorder, results from a deficiency of circulating platelets.