NCLEX RN Practice Question 445
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Nclex Practice Questions:
Disequilibrium syndrome
Description
- A rapid change in the composition of the extracellular fluid occurs during hemodialysis.
- Solutes are removed from the blood faster than from the cerebrospinal fluid and brain; fluid is pulled into the brain, causing cerebral edema.
- Occurs more frequently in a new client during the initial onset of hemodialysis.
Assessment
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
- Hypertension
- Restlessness and agitation
- Muscle cramps
- Confusion
- Seizures
Interventions
- Slow or stop the dialysis.
- Notify the physician if signs of disequilibrium syndrome occur.
- Reduce environmental stimuli.
- Prepare to administer intravenous hypertonic saline solution, albumin, or mannitol (Osmitrol) if prescribed.
- Prepare to dialyze the client for a shorter period of time at reduced flow rates to prevent its occurrence.