NCLEX RN Practice Question # 467

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Meniere’s syndrome

Description

• Meniere’s syndrome is also called endolymphatic hydrops; it refers to dilation of the endolymphatic system by overproduction or decreased reabsorption of endolymphatic fluid.
• The syndrome is characterized by tinnitus, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and vertigo.
• Symptoms occur in attacks and last for several days, and the client becomes totally incapacitated during the attacks.
• Initial hearing loss is reversible but as the frequency of attacks continues, hearing loss becomes permanent. A priority nursing intervention in the care of a client with Meniere’s syndrome is instituting safety measures.

Causes

• Any factor that increases endolymphatic secretion in the labyrinth
• Viral and bacterial infections
• Allergic reactions
• Biochemical disturbances
• Vascular disturbance, producing changes in the microcirculation in the labyrinth
• Long-term stress may be a contributing factor.

Assessment

• Feelings of fullness in the ear
• Tinnitus, as a continuous low-pitched roar or humming sound, that is present much of the time but worsens just before and during severe attacks
• Hearing loss that is worse during an attack
• Vertigo, periods of whirling, that might cause the client to fall to the ground
• Vertigo that is so intense that even while lying down, the client holds the bed or ground in an attempt to prevent the whirling
• Nausea and vomiting
• Nystagmus
• Severe headaches