NCLEX RN Practice Question # 583
NCLEX Examination.
Practice Question # 583.
Nclex
Central venous pressure (CVP)
- The CVP is the pressure within the superior vena cava; it reflects the pressure under which blood is returned to the superior vena cava and right atrium.
- The CVP is measured with a central venous line in the superior vena cava.
- Normal CVP pressure is about 3 to 8mmHg.
- An elevated CVP indicates an increase in blood volume as a result of sodium and water retention, excessive IV fluids, alterations in fluid balance, or renal failure.
- A decreased CVP indicates a decrease in circulating blood volume and may be a result of fluid imbalances, hemorrhage, or severe vasodilation, with pooling of blood in the extremities that limits venous return.
Measuring CVP
- The right atrium is located at the midaxillary line at the fourth intercostal space; the zero point on the transducer needs to be at the level of the right atrium.
- The client needs to be supine, with the head of the bed at 45 degrees.
- The client needs to be relaxed; note that activity that increases intrathoracic pressure,