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NCLEX RN Practice Question # 583

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NCLEX Examination.

Practice Question # 583.

 

Nclex

Central venous pressure (CVP)

  • The CVP is the pressure within the superior vena cava; it reflects the pressure under which blood is returned to the superior vena cava and right atrium.
  • The CVP is measured with a central venous line in the superior vena cava.
  • Normal CVP pressure is about 3 to 8mmHg.
  • An elevated CVP indicates an increase in blood volume as a result of sodium and water retention, excessive IV fluids, alterations in fluid balance, or renal failure.
  • A decreased CVP indicates a decrease in circulating blood volume and may be a result of fluid imbalances, hemorrhage, or severe vasodilation, with pooling of blood in the extremities that limits venous return.

Measuring CVP

  • The right atrium is located at the midaxillary line at the fourth intercostal space; the zero point on the transducer needs to be at the level of the right atrium.
  • The client needs to be supine, with the head of the bed at 45 degrees.
  • The client needs to be relaxed; note that activity that increases intrathoracic pressure,

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