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1. Question
The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking a sulfonamide and should monitor for signs and symptoms of which adverse effects of the medication? Select all that apply.
Correct
Answer: Option 3,4,5 are the correct options.
Rationale: Adverse effects of sulfonamides include nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression, and seizures. Options 1, 2, and 6 are unrelated to these medications.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, adverse effects of sulfonamides. It is necessary to know the adverse effects associated with these medications to answer correctly. Remember that nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, and GI symptoms are adverse effects of sulfonamides.
Incorrect
Answer: Option 3,4,5 are the correct options.
Rationale: Adverse effects of sulfonamides include nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression, and seizures. Options 1, 2, and 6 are unrelated to these medications.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, adverse effects of sulfonamides. It is necessary to know the adverse effects associated with these medications to answer correctly. Remember that nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, and GI symptoms are adverse effects of sulfonamides.
SULFONAMIDES
The sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs , are drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis. Sulfonamides include sulfadiazine (generic), sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), and cotrimoxazole (Septra, Bactrim).
Adverse Effects
Adverse effects associated with sulfonamides include GI effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, stomatitis, and hepatic injury, which are all related to direct irritation of the GI tract and the death of normal bacteria. Renal effects are related to the filtration of the drug in the glomerulus and include crystalluria, hematuria, and proteinuria, which can progress to a nephritic syndrome and possible toxic nephrosis. CNS effects include headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, convulsions, and depression (possibly related to drug effects on the nerves). Bone marrow depression may occur and is related to drug effects on the cells that turn over rapidly in the bone marrow.
Dermatological effects include photosensitivity and rash related to direct effects on the dermal cells. A wide range of hypersensitivity reactions may also occur.